Which of the Following Terms Identifies Any Network Based on the 802.11 Family of Standards?

Wi-Fi is a term for certain types of wireless local area networks (WLAN) that use specifications in the 802.11 family -- for example, Wi-Fi Direct, a peer-to-peer specification that allows devices certified for Wi-Fi Direct to exchange information without an internet connection or a wireless router. Products that pass Wi-Fi Brotherhood tests for interoperability, security and application-specific protocols are labeled "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED," a registered trademark of the Alliance.

How does Wi-Fi work?

A Wi-Fi network uses radio waves to wirelessly transmit information beyond a LAN, the reach of which tin exist extended by a Wi-Fi range extender. A calculator utilizes a wireless adapter to translate data transmitted by radio waves. These waves are dissimilar from those emitted by, for example, FM radios, for which frequency is measured in megahertz (MHz). Wi-Fi's signals are transmitted in frequencies of between two.5 and 5 gigahertz (GHz). This signal is then transmitted from the adapter through a router, after which it is sent to the internet.

What are hotspots?

Wi-Fi is widely used in businesses, agencies, schools and homes as an alternative to a wired LAN. Many airports, hotels and fast-food facilities offer public admission to Wi-Fi networks. These locations are known ashotspots. Many accuse a daily or hourly charge per unit for access, simply some are complimentary. An interconnected area of hotspots and networkaccess points is known as a hot zone.

Modern smartphones and tablets are as well able to turn into Wi-Fi hotspots, using their cellular network connections to provide wireless internet connectivity to computers and other devices.

To access Wi-Fi hotspots, computers should include wireless adapters. These tin be found on laptops and mobile devices, such every bit tablets or mobile phones. If for some reason your computer doesn't include such an adapter, ane can exist purchased that tin can be inserted into the PCI slot or USB port. Your estimator should and then exist able to locate Wi-Fi networks automatically in the area. These can either be open networks or protected networks; the latter can be joined by inbound a Wi-Fi countersign.

Unless adequately protected, a Wi-Fi network can exist susceptible to access past unauthorized users who employ the admission every bit a free internet connexion. The activity of locating and exploiting security-exposed wireless LANs is called war driving. An identifying iconography, chosen war chalking, has evolved. Any entity that has a wireless LAN should apply security safeguards, such every bit the Wired Equivalent Privacy, or WEP, encryption standard; the more recent Wi-Fi Protected Access, or WPA; Internet Protocol Security, or IPsec; or a virtual private network, or VPN.

The term Wi-Fi was created past the Wi-Fi Alliance as a play on Hello-Fi, an abbreviation for high allegiance, which referred to high-quality audio reproduction. Similarly, Wi-Fi is ofttimes thought to be short for wireless fidelity. Withal, according to the Wi-Fi Alliance, Wi-Fi is not an abbreviation. The confusion may stem from the fact that the Alliance briefly used, "The standard for wireless allegiance," as a slogan for Wi-Fi.

Originally, Wi-Fi certification was applicable only to products using the 802.11b standard. Today, Wi-Fi can employ to products that use whatsoever 802.xi standard. The 802.11 specifications are role of an evolving prepare of wireless network standards known equally the 802.11 family. The item specification nether which a Wi-Fi network operates is called the "flavor" of the network.

802	Overview	Basics of physical and logical networking concepts
802.i	Bridging	LAN/Man bridging and management. Covers management and the lower sublayers of OSI Layer two, including MAC-based bridging (Media Access Control), virtual LANs and port-based access command.
802.ii	Logical Link	Ordinarily referred to every bit the LLC, or Logical Link Control specification. The LLC is the top sublayer in the information-link layer, OSI Layer 2. Interfaces with the network Layer 3.
802.3	Ethernet	"Granddaddy" of the 802 specifications. Provides asynchronous networking using "carrier sense, multiple admission with standoff detect" (CSMA/CD) over coax, twisted-pair copper and fiber media. Current speeds range from ten Mbps to 10 Gbps. Click for a list of the hot 802.3 technologies.
802.4	Token bus	Disbanded
802.v	Token band	The original token-passing standard for twisted-pair, shielded copper cables. Supports copper and cobweb cabling from 4 Mbps to 100 Mbps. Frequently chosen "IBM Token-Ring."
802.6	Distributed queue dual passenger vehicle (DQDB)	"Superseded **Revision of 802.1D-1990 edition (ISO/IEC 10038). 802.1D incorporates P802.1p and P802.12e. Information technology as well incorporates and supersedes published standards 802.1j and 802.6k. Superseded by 802.1D-2004." (See IEEE status folio.)
802.7	Broadband LAN practices	Withdrawn standard. Withdrawn engagement: Feb. 7, 2003. No longer endorsed by the IEEE. (Run into IEEE status folio.)
802.viii	Fiber optic practices	Withdrawn PAR. Standards projection no longer endorsed by the IEEE. (See IEEE status folio.)
802.9	Integrated services LAN	Withdrawn PAR. Standards project no longer endorsed by the IEEE. (Encounter IEEE condition page.)
802.10	Interoperable LAN security	Superseded **Contains: IEEE Standard 802.10b-1992. (See IEEE status page.)
802.11	Wi-Fi	Wireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer specification. 802.11a,b,g,etc. are amendments to the original 802.11 standard. Products that implement 802.11 standards must pass tests and are referred to as "Wi-Fi-certified."
802.11a		Specifies a PHY that operates in the 5 Ghz U-NII band in the U.S. -- initially 5.15-5.35 and 5.725-v.85 -- since expanded to boosted frequencies; Uses Orthogonal Frequency-Segmentation Multiplexing; Enhanced data speed to 54 Mbps; and Ratified after 802.11b.
802.11b		Enhancement to 802.11 that added higher data rate modes to the DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) already defined in the original 802.11 standard; Boosted information speed to xi Mbps; 22 MHz bandwidth yields three nonoverlapping channels in the frequency range of 2.400 GHz to 2.4835 GHz; and Beacons at one Mbps, falls back to v.5, 2 or ane Mbps from eleven Mbps max.
802.11d		Enhancement to 802.11a and 802.11b that allows for global roaming; and Particulars can exist prepare at Media Admission Command layer.
802.11e		Enhancement to 802.xi that includes quality-of-service features; and Facilitates prioritization of data, vox and video transmissions.
802.11g		Extends the maximum information rate of WLAN devices that operate in the 2.four GHz band, in a fashion that permits interoperation with 802.11b devices; Uses OFDM Modulation (Orthogonal FDM); and Operates at up to 54 (Mbps, with fallback speeds that include the "b" speeds.
802.11h		Enhancement to 802.11a that resolves interference issues; Dynamic frequency option; and Transmit power control.
802.11i		Enhancement to 802.11 that offers additional security for WLAN applications; and Defines more robust encryption, authentication and key substitution, likewise as options for key caching and preauthentication.
802.11j		Japanese regulatory extensions to 802.11a specification; and Frequency range of 4.ix GHz to 5.0 GHz.
802.11k		Radio resources measurements for networks using 802.11 family specifications
802.11m		Maintenance of 802.11 family specifications; and Corrections and amendments to existing documentation.
802.11n		College-speed standards; Several competing and noncompatible technologies -- often called "pre-northward"; Top speeds claimed of 108, 240, and 350+ MHz; and Competing proposals come from the groups, EWC, TGn Sync and WWiSE, and are all variations based on MIMO (multiple input, multiple output).
802.11x		Misused generic term for 802.11 family unit specifications
802.12	Demand priority	Increases Ethernet data rate to 100 Mbps by controlling media utilization.
802.13	Not used	Not used
802.14	Cablevision modems	Withdrawn PAR. Standards project no longer endorsed by the IEEE.
802.15	Wireless personal expanse networks	Communications specification that was approved in early 2002 by the IEEE for wireless personal area networks, or WPANs.
802.15.i	Bluetooth	Short range (10m) wireless technology for cordless mouse, keyboard and easily-gratis headset at 2.4 GHz.
802.15.3a	UWB	Short-range, loftier-bandwidth ultra wideband link
802.xv.four	ZigBee	Brusk-range wireless sensor networks
802.15.five	Mesh network	Extension of network coverage without increasing the transmit power or the receiver sensitivity; Enhanced reliability via route redundancy; and Easier network configuration and better device bombardment life.
802.xvi	Wireless metropolitan surface area networks	This family of standards covers Stock-still and Mobile Broadband Wireless Admission methods used to create wireless metropolitan expanse networks. Connects base stations to the internet using OFDM in unlicensed (900 MHz, ii.4, v.8 GHz) or licensed (700 MHz, 2.5-three.vi GHz) frequency bands. Products that implement 802.16 standards can undergo WiMAX> certification testing.
802.17	Resilient Bundle Ring	IEEE working group clarification
802.18	Radio Regulatory TAG	IEEE 802.18 standards committee
802.19	Coexistence	IEEE 802.19 Coexistence Technical Advisory Group
802.20	Mobile Broadband Wireless Access	IEEE 802.xx mission and project scope
802.21	Media Independent Handoff	IEEE 802.21 mission and project scope
802.22	Wireless regional surface area network	IEEE 802.22 mission and project scope